Stereo Types Essay - 505 Words

Stereotypes â€Å"What do you expect form a blonde?† â€Å" A woman’s place is in the kitchen†, â€Å" Look at the jewelry he’s wearing, he’s probably a drug dealer† How many times have we heard statements such as these? It is such statements along with numerous others, which have caused our society to isolate and stereotype every individual based on past or previous experiences. To categorize individuals or a group according to an oversimplified standardized image or idea is to stereotype. When we stereotype, it affects our ability to understand and accept individuals and various groups of people for who they are. Women, Police Officers and various ethnic groups are among many who are stereotyped. In the early 1800’s, women were recognized as†¦show more content†¦Due to immoral acts initiated by other police officers, such as dishonest/illegal search and seizures and drug related issues, police officers are stereotyped frequently too. 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Philosophy And Philosophy Of Religion Essay - 1681 Words

Philosophy of religion is basically the philosophy with questions regarding the religion, the nature and the existence of god and also the religious vocabulary and texts followed by the people. The religious philosophy and philosophy of religion are very different from each other, in philosophy of religion we discuss the questions regarding the nature of religion as a whole rather than seeking the problems brought by a particular religious system. In philosophy of religion we discuss the question like IS THERE A GOD?. but this is not the only question we focus on, we also look at the aspect that if there is, then what is he like, and what does that mean to us? These are some basic question everyone ask themselves at some point of their lives. There are three basic things concerning the deities, i.e. the existence of God, the nature of God, and the knowledge of God. 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Behavioral Patterns of Selected 4th Year Students in San Pedro High School Free Essays

string(36) " after the exam asks why he did it\." Bulacan State University College of Education City of Malolos, Bulacan. â€Å"Behavioral Patterns of Selected 4th year students in San Pedro High School† Submitted to: Violera Reyes, Ed. D. We will write a custom essay sample on Behavioral Patterns of Selected 4th Year Students in San Pedro High School or any similar topic only for you Order Now Submitted by : Glendys Orolfo Kenneth Pabilonia Naomi Palao Maricris Palo Rogelio Ramos Mary Grace Regalado Micha Joy Rejano Cayneth Reyes Milca Joyce Roque Renz Ruzzel Santiago Andrea Marie Santos Mary Jane Villanueva Rich Ann Winfield ABSTRACT This research paper identifies the behavioral patterns of selected high school students in San Pedro High School, Hagonoy, Bulacan. The first chapter presents a short introduction about adolescence. In their age, high school students were now entering the first stages of adolescence. The second chapter shows related theories about this study. The third chapter shows the method of research done in this study. The fourth chapter presents the data gathered from the respondents. Graphs were used to show the data in a logical and orderly manner. The fifth chapter attempts to conclude the study by telling the behavioral patterns discovered in the selected high school students. TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter I – Introduction Chapter II – Theoretical Framework Chapter III – Methods of Research Chapter IV – Interpretation and Analysis of Data Chapter V – Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation Curriculum Vitae CHAPTER I Introduction I. Introduction The social behavior of human changes as they enter adolescence. In humans adolescents typically increase the amount of time spent with their peers. Nearly eight hours are usually spent communicating with others, but eight percent of this time is spent talking to adults. Adolescents report that they are far happier spending time with similarly aged peers as compared to adult. Consequently conflict between adolescents and their parents increase at this time as adolescents strive to create a separation and sense of independence. These interactions are not always positive; peer pressure is very prevalent during adolescence, leading to increase cheating and misdemeanor or crime. According to Judith Rich Harri’s theory of group socialization, children and adolescent are shape more by their peers than their parents. Peers can encourage both pro-social behavior, which peeks at 11-12 years old or anti social behavior, which peaks at K1 -15 years. Adolescents are less likely to feel depressed or anxious if the peer group provides emotional support (Buhrmester, 1992). Arguments between parents and children increase considerably during adolescence (Feeney 1999). However adolescents with few or no closed friends are closer to their parents and are less likely to be subject to peer pressure. Non human mammals are also exhibit changes in social attitude during adolescence. Adolescent rodents have also been observed during this time of period . despites this social bonding between adolescents and adult tends to improve due to reconciliatory behavior. Allomaternal behavior increase among females in several species , including humans , nonhumans primates and rodents . However males tends to exhibit less interest in infant during adolescence. Adolescence can be specifically turbulent as well as a dynamic period of one’s life. It has been identified as a period in which young people develop abstract thinking abilities , become more aware of their sexuality , and increase their independence from parent. Stanley Hall denoted this period as one of â€Å"storm and stress† and according to him, conflict at this developmental stage is normal and not usual. Margaret Mead on the other hand, attributed the behavior of adolescents to their culture and upbringing , as the majority of problems associated with adolescence in western society are not present in other cultures. Several development stage models, have placed in a period of human developments. Sigmeund Freud saw it as the â€Å"genital phase† of psychosexual developments, where the child recapture the sexual awareness of infancy. Jean Piaget focused on cognitive development, seeing adolescence as the â€Å"formal operative stage† where the young person develops the ability to think abstractly and draw conclusions from the information available, your theory of psychosocial development identified the identity crisis as central to the notion of adolescence. Adolescent addresses the issues associated with adolescent such as whether or not the aforementioned â€Å"storm and stress† is a normal part of this period. The American psychological Association has a separate division dedicated to adolescence, and the psychologist specializing in the topic attempt to answer questions dealing with the age group. One issue is adolescent psychology discusses whether adolescence is in fact a discrete developmental period a point along the continuum of human development, or a social construction. II. Statement of the Problem This research paper attempts to answer the following question: 1. What are the behavioral pattern manifested by selected students in San Pedro High School? III. Background of the Study San Pedro High School is a public school located in Hagonoy, Bulacan. It is led by Principal Rosario L. Tamayo. The school has approximately 3000 students and 58 teachers. The researchers chose it because some of them have graduated there. Only 56 students were chosen as respondents. IV. Significance of the Study For parents: Because of the growing number of teenagers that was not focus on their study this research will help the parents to know on how they will treat their son/daughter and how they should support them. This will also inform the parents on what behaviors of their child possess during the class. They will be aware on the attitudes of their son/ daughter inside the classroom, how they child interact to their classmates and at the same time to their teachers. This will help the parents to know what the techniques are and practices they should be done to their child for them become a good citizen in the future. For teachers: Some teachers didn’t understand the situations of their students in some instances. For example, during the exam one of the students is using a kodigo. The teacher got angry and shouts to the student during the exam without knowing the reason why he’s doing that thing. Maybe, before the teacher scolds the student he should warn it first and after the exam asks why he did it. You read "Behavioral Patterns of Selected 4th Year Students in San Pedro High School" in category "Papers" Then, he will know that his student is a working student and he didn’t have enough time to review. So, this study helps the teachers on how they should treat their students and how they react on the behaviors of their students. As we all know the teachers are the second parents of the child. They should love and care to their students as if their own child. For students: Teenagers were not aware on their behaviors inside the classroom. Teenagers also didn’t know their real personality. Many of them asking what are they real attitudes and characteristics, what attitudes they have and what are the moods they have. This study is design to the students for them to be aware on their attitudes inside the classroom. This will help the teenagers to be aware and to open their eyes in the things they should be done to help our country. This will also help them to see the hardship of their parents just to make them finish their study, the sacrifices of their parents to support them and how their parents make the night become day just to ensure their future and to give all their needs. CHAPTER II Theoretical Framework Social cognitive theory, used in psychology, education, and communication, posits that portions of an individual’s knowledge acquisition can be directly related to  observing  others within the context of social interactions, experiences, and outside media influences. Social cognitive theory is a  learning theory  based on the ideas that people learn by watching what others do and will not do, these processes are central to understanding personality. While social cognitists agree that there is a fair amount of influence on development generated by learned behavior displayed in the environment in which one grows up, they believe that the individual person (and therefore cognition) is just as important in determining moral development. People learn by observing others, with the environment, behavior, and cognition all as the chief factors in influencing development. These three factors are not static or independent; rather, they are all reciprocal. For example, each behavior witnessed can change a person’s way of thinking (cognition). Similarly, the environment one is raised in may influence later behaviors, just as a father’s mindset (also cognition) will determine the environment in which his children are raised. Albert Bandura also stressed that the easiest way to display moral development would be via the consideration of multiple factors, be they social, cognitive, or environmental. 2]  The relationship between the aforementioned three factors provides even more insight into the complex concept that is morality. Further development in social cognitive theory posits that learning will most likely occur if there is a close identification between the observer and the model and if the observer also has a good deal of  self-efficacy. Self-efficacy beliefs function as an important set of proximal determinants of human motivation , affect, and action which operate on action through motivational, cognitive, and affective intervening processes. Identification allows the observer to feel a one-to-one connection with the individual being imitated and will be more likely to achieve those imitations if the observer feels that they have the ability to follow through with the imitated action. Vicarious learning, or the process of learning from other people’s behavior, is a central idea of social cognitive theory and self-efficacy. This idea asserts that individuals can witness observed behaviors of others and then reproduce the same actions. As a result of this, individuals refrain from making mistakes and can perform behaviors better if they see individuals complete them successfully. Vicarious learning is a part of social modeling which is one of the four means to increase self-efficacy. Social modeling refers not just observing behavior but also receiving instruction and guidance of how to complete a behavior. The other three methods include, mastery experience, improving physical and emotional states and verbal persuasion. Mastery experience is a process in which the therapist or interventionist facilitates the success of an individual by achieving simple incremental goals. With the achievement of simple tasks, more complex objectives are introduced. The person essentially masters a behavior step by step. Improving physical and emotional states refers to ensuring a person is rested and relaxed prior to attempting a new behavior. The less relaxed, the less patient, the more likely the goal behavior will not be attained. Finally, verbal persuasion is providing encouragement for a person to complete a task or achieve a certain behavior. CHAPTER III Methods of Research This chapter discusses the procedures to be done by the researchers to attain their needed data. This includes the methods and techniques of the study, population of the study, research instrument and data gathering procedure. Methods and Techniques of the Study The type of research conducted in this study is the Descriptive Research. It includes surveys and fact-find enquiries of the different kinds that will be distributed to the respondents. It may also be called ex post facto research because the researchers have no control over the variables. The variables given is not manipulated by the researchers but were given by the respondents. These variables were treated with importance and care so as not to deviate the data from reality. Population of the Study The researchers chose a section in the Fourth Year level at [†¦] with 56 students. The study is all about behavioral patterns so the researchers only one section so as they can focus on only one set of students. Research Instrument The primary tool used to conduct this research is a questionnaire. Simplified questions were addressed to the respondents. Close-ended type of questions was used in the questionnaires to help the respondents answer easily. Choices were given and the respondent must answer the question by ticking the box corresponding to the answer they selected. If their answer was not given in the set of choices, there is an underline in the bottom of every set of choices where they can write their answer. Data Gathering Procedure The first step done by the researchers is to select the school were they will conduct the study. After selecting the school, they have written a letter asking permission to conduct the study that was given to the principal. The school chosen was the alma mater of a couple of the researchers so we it was an advantage because they already know the surroundings of the institution, its faculty, its atmosphere, and the kind of students studying there. Choosing the respondents was the next step. The researchers selected a section of fourth year high schools. The researcher approached and visited them personally so they can introduce themselves. This was done during the time period of the respondents. After explain the purpose of the study, the researchers distributed photocopied questionnaires to respondents. All respondents were assured that their response will be appreciated and treated confidentially. CHAPTER IV Interpretation of Data The data gathered from the answered questionnaires were presented in this chapater with corresponding graphs. I. Age 14% of the boy respondents are 15 years old while 11% of them are 16 years old. Only 7% of them are 17 years old. This shows that most of the boy respondents are at age of 15. 45 % of the girls are 15 years old, 20% are 16 years old and 9% of them are 17 years old. Age: 60 50 40 No. of respondents 30 20 10 0 1516 17 II. Family Background Most of the boy respondents are living with both their parents, 9% of them are living with their mother only while 5% are living with their father only. 54% of the girl respondents are living with both their parents while 4% of them are living with their mother only and 5% are living with their father only. 60 50 40 30 20 10 Others Living with father, without mother Living with mother, without father Living with both parents 0 III. Religion Most of the boy respondents are Catholic, being 29% of them. Only 2% of them are Iglesia ni Cristo. No other boy answered another religion. 54% of the girl respondent is Catholic while 7% of them is Iglesia ni Cristo. 7% answered the â€Å"others† options. 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 CatholicIglesiaMuslim Protestant Others IV. Nature of Work 2% of the boy respondents have parents working in the government, 4% have vendor parents, 5% are have tricycle drivers as parents, 4% have OFW parents, and 13% answered the â€Å"others† option. In the girls, 7% have government employees as parents, 2% of them have vendor parents, 7% of them are tricycle drivers, 5% of them have parents working in abroad, 2% are housekeeper and 43% answered the â€Å"others† option. 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Government Vendors Tricycle drivers OFW’s House Helper CHAPTER V Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation I. Summary This study aims to discover the behavioral pattern of selected 4th year students in San Pedro High School located in Hagonoy, Bulacan. 6 respondents were chosen to included in the study. Questionnaires were given to these respondents for them to answer. After they have completed the questionnaires, the researchers assessed the answers of the respondents. Behavioral patterns were then identified from the given information including their sex, family background, socioeconomic status and religion. Also, careful observation were done by the researchers to these respondents to identify what are their behaviors. References such as research papers, books and journals were used to further strengthen this study. II. Conclusion By assessing the completed questionnaires of the respondents, we were able to identify their behavioral patterns. * The respondents turned out to be responsible. They are doing their duties and responsibilities as students. They are concerned about their studies and they are willing to exert time and effort in it. * The respondents were cooperative with their classmates. It means that when group activities were being done, they are willing to cooperate with each other. * The respondents interact with their peers and teachers. They socialize with their same age group and form friendships. They also interact with their teachers to have a harmonious relationship. They are sociable, easy to approach, and open with others. * The respondents care with others. They are not selfish. They feel the feeling of others. * The respondents are not troublesome. They are not aggressive like most high school students nowadays. They act in a civilized manner. They do not fight in the classroom or within the campus grounds. They obey simple rules and are much willing to not break them. All in all, the behavioral patterns manifested in the selected 4th year students in San Pedro High School were positive. III. Recommendation Both parents and educators must respond to classroom behavioral patterns to ensure the healthy development of the students. The researchers present these recommendations to the teachers and parents. To the teachers: The teachers must develop the good behavioral patterns of the students. He is the leader of his students. He is the one who knows what his student needs, and more importantly, what is the problem of his student in school. He must address to these problems because these problems may interfere with the social and emotional development of the student. He must be open to his students and be guidance councilor and adviser to them. Any negative behavioral pattern that are arising must be stopped immediately because it may hamper both the emotional and educational development of the student. To the parents: Parents play a big role in the development of their child. They must guide their child in their social, emotional and mental development. Any negative behaviors they manifest in home must be looked upon immediately because it may also manifest in school. How to cite Behavioral Patterns of Selected 4th Year Students in San Pedro High School, Essays

Literature Review and Discussion of Importance in the Research Process

Task-1: undertake a review of existing literature and research undertaken in the "field (the topic)" you selected to make a research design proposal. Task-2: a.explain the importance of review literature and existing research in the research process. literature review and justify your conclusions. b.describe and evaluate the main sources of information for a literature review and justify your conclusions. Introduction This essay is all about performing an analysis of the existing literature with regard to the management of cross cultural environment by businesses in international markets. The topic as considered for analysing the existing literature is mainly the influence of cross cultural environment in managing the business operational across international markets. As a result, the analysis in particular is focused towards the findings as indicated by scholars in the past researches done by them on the similar topic of managing cross cultural environment across international boundaries. This essay in particular performs a critical assessment of the existing literature and also analyses the different major findings that have been indicated within it. The importance of reviewing the literature will also be evaluated as a part of performing the analysis in this essay. Literature Review on Managing Cross Cultural Environment in International Markets An analysis of the existing literature indicates that there has been extensive level of studies that have focused towards this particular aspect of managing cross cultural environment especially in the context of international boundaries. There is a need for adequate level of consideration that needs to be made especially in respect to cultural factor while performing the expansion into international markets. As for instance, a study as carried out by Johnson, Lenartoeicz and Apud (2006) indicates that there are higher chances of failure of companies especially in respect to international markets and this is mainly because of lack of their adequate level of consideration with respect to the cultural differences that prevails across international markets. There is lower overall knowledge of businesses with respect to the cultural conditions that is prevalent across international markets and this creates difficulties to them in performing the management of their business activities in a highly efficient manner. Their non consideration of such cultural differences often creates problems to the successful management of their business activities and the resulting impact is therefore the failure as faced by them in such international markets (Johnson, Lenartowicz and Apud, 2006). As per the study as carried out by Shenkar (2001) it has been identified that cultural distance has been widely used construct especially in respect to performing the management of international business. The application of cultural differentiating factor is noted especially in respect to situations when businesses considers the performance of international entry of their business into foreign markets, foreign investment expansion and also at times which involves the performance of foreign invested affiliated among others. Cultural differences are important especially in situations when the businesses consider the selection of a different working environment conditions apart from their home country. As a result, in ensuring the attainment of success especially in respect to such foreign markets, it is essential that cultural differences should be studied properly before making any initiatives by businesses in such cross cultural market. The non consideration of cultural differences b y reputed businesses in the international markets has affected their overall performance levels in a negative manner. According to Long (2004), the impact of not paying adequate level of attention over the cross cultural factor has affected many such reputed organisations in a negative manner. As for example, the case analysis of Coca Cola has been presented which indicated that the company has also failed to consider such cross cultural values as prevalent across different markets, and it has adversely affected its performance. As for instance, while undertaking the marketing practices in Asian markets, Coca Cola has utilised a slogan known as Coke Adds Life and this has resulted into a different interpretation by the Asian people. They have considered this add as consumption of Coke brings people from the dead condition. This has therefore severely affected the performance of the company in an adverse manner across such Asian markets. Similarly, Ivancevich (2008) has indicated that Coca Cola also failed to realise the importance of cultural differences across Chinese markets and this has created a dverse consequences in its performance levels across such Chinese markets. The advertising strategy that has been considered by Coca Cola in the market of China indicates the meaning similar to bite the wax tadpole or female horse stuffed with wax. The marketing strategy as considered by Coca Cola in Dutch market is identified as Refresh Yourself, but it has been interpreted as wash your hands with Coca Cola. This signifies that the non consideration of cultural differences in international markets would not only affect the performance of the company adversely, but it would affect its brand image and reputation as well (Ivancevich, 2008). As the analysis above has indicated the need for performing the management of cross cultural environment in the international context, its management has been difficult task and requires the consideration of adequate level of strategies in efficiently dealing with it. The existing literature indicates about large number of strategies that could be considered by businesses in performing the management of cross cultural environment in a positive manner. As indicated by Reuvid (2010), there can be the application of cross cultural training that could be performed by businesses with a view to ensure the enhancement of skills and abilities of their employees across international business. This would allow them in efficiently devising strategies based on the need and requirements of such external environment conditions. Apart from this, there could be the consideration of specialised expatriate manager that has adequate knowledge of managing business practices in different cultural conditi ons so that he can provide adequate level of guidance and training to ensure the efficient management of business practices across international boundaries (Reuvid, 2010). The management can also consider for additional strategy of employing locally expertise people in performing the management of business practices and activities across international markets. According to a study as performed by Waxin and Panaccio (2005), it is mainly focused towards analysing the role of cross cultural training in facilitating expatriate adjustment, and the performance of study indicates that cross cultural training to expatriates is an important way in accelerating the adjustment capabilities of expatriates especially in respect to international business environment. The findings as achieved from the performance of this study imply that the expatriate managers ability in taking international assignment increases significantly from cross cultural training. This requirement for cross cultural training is higher in respect to expatriates having little or no experience in dealing with international assignment (Waxin and Panaccio, 2005). As per a study as carried out by Javalgi and Joseph (2007), it has been assessed that the organisation that have pursued global expansion strategies should consider the development of marketing strategies that best suits the needs and expectation of customers across international boundaries. The markets across international boundaries are completely different and as a result, it is essential that there should be modifications that should be carried out with respect to the marketing strategies by organisations pursuing international expansion. This is therefore an important strategy in performing the management of international business in a positive way (Javalgi and Joseph, 2009). Overall, the analysis above has indicated that the cultural conditions need to be efficiently managed across international boundaries in order to achieve higher level of success, and its efficient management can be ensured by way of considering a range of strategies aimed at achieving higher level of cross cultural compatibility. Importance of Reviewing Literature and Existing Research Literature review or the review of literature is extremely important especially in respect to research work. Review of literature is defined as performing a critical assessment of the existing literature that comprises of studies of scholars in the past. The role and importance of literature review is significant because it is the most important way of gaining knowledge about the topic under discussion. The literature search is mainly concerned with reviewing the findings that are conducted in respect to the similar topic that has been studied by the researcher. This practice is carried out with a view to gain basic knowledge about the research topic under analysis so that the basis knowledge as gained about the topic could assist the researcher in carrying out their own researches in a highly efficient manner. Thus, the main importance of reviewing the literature is that it helps in identifying basic knowledge about the topic under discussion. Apart from the above, there is also the relevance of performing the review of literature in the sense that it allows for identification of areas that are lacking adequate details and as such, new researches can be carried out in the fill up the identified gaps within such literature. This indicates that the role of literature review is significantly important from the point of view of overall academic contributions. In respect to the given research on the management of cultural environment in international markets, the role of literature search would be significant from the point of view of contribution towards performing this research in a highly efficient manner. This would primarily help in the form of reviewing the findings of the past researchers towards performing this research on identification of the ways in which cross cultural management can be ensured in an efficient manner. Although, the literature review is identified as highly significant, yet an important factor that must be considered for the purpose of performing the literature search is mainly the sources that should be utilised in this respect. The sources of literature review are most crucial and as such they should be accurate and authentic. In respect to this particular research on examining the management of cross cultural conditions across international markets, the sources that would highly be considered for the purpose of reviewing literature are academic scholarly articles, academic books and academic online sources. The researches of past scholars including the academic books and the articles on cross cultural management that has sufficient level of authenticity would be considered as important sources in performing this research on cross cultural management. These sources in performing the literature search are considered as highly important from the point of view of achieving the desir ed aims and objectives as considered in this research. Conclusion This essay involved the performance of critical analysis with respect to the management of cross cultural environment in respect to international markets and the performance of analysis indicated significant level of findings from it. On the basis of analysis, it has been evaluated that there has been higher rates of failure of businesses across international markets mainly because of their inadequate consideration of cultural conditions. As a result, the analysis of literature search has indicated that there is a need to consider cross cultural conditions across international markets in ensuring the proper management of businesses in a highly efficient manner. The analysis of the literature has also indicated that there is a need to consider different important strategies in managing culturally diverse conditions efficiently and some of these strategies as identified as cross cultural training to expatriates, hiring highly efficient and local people in managing organisations operati ons in a highly efficient manner. The analysis has also indicated about the importance of performing literature search and it is assessed that the literature search is likely to contribute in an efficient way towards ensuring the basic understanding of the topic under study and it also explains about the gaps in the existing literature that need to be addressed. This signifies that the role of literature search is highly important and in respect to the given research on managing cross cultural environment conditions, literature search technique can be utilised positively in attaining research goals. References Ivancevich, (2008), Orgn Behavior And Mgmt (Sie) 7E, Tata McGraw-Hill Education. Johnson, J.P., Lenartowicz, T. and Apud, S. (2006), Cross-cultural competence in international business: toward a definition and a model, Journal of Business Studies, Vol. 37, pp. 525-543. Javalgi, R. and Joseph, W., 2009, Cross-cultural marketing strategies for delivering knowledge-based services in a borderless world: the case of management education, Journal of Services Marketing, Vol 23/6, pp. 371-384. Long, C.H. (2004), Religion and Global Culture: New Terrain in the Study of Religion, Lexington Books. Reuvid, J. 2010, Business Insights: China: Practical Advice on Operational Strategy and Risk Management, 2nd ed., Kogan Page Publishers. Shenkar, O. (2001), Cultural Distance Revisited: Towards a More Rigorous Conceptualisation and Measurement of Cultural Differences, Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 32 (3), pp. 519-535. Waxin, M. and Panaccio, A. 2005, Cross-cultural training to facilitate expatriate adjustment: ot works! Personnel Review, Vol. 34 (1), pp. 51-67.